Wednesday 29 May 2013

Simple Capacitor Code Calculator Offline

 JavaScript based offline web page simple capacitor code calculator
browser save as .html => only saves the page source.
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HTML source code


<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Capacitor Value Calculator</TITLE>
<META name="description" content="solid state
electronics">

<BASE TARGET="_top">
<head>

<script Language="JavaScript">
<!--
function compute (obj) {

var v3=eval(obj.X2.value.charAt(2));
var v1=eval(obj.X2.value);
var v4=eval(obj.X2.value.length);

if (v4==3) {

v1=Math.floor(v1/10);
v3=Math.pow(10,v3);

obj.Out.value=v1*v3;
obj.X1.value=(v1*v3)/1000000;
obj.X3.value=(v1*v3)/1000;
}
else
{
v3=1;
obj.Out.value=v1*v3;
obj.X1.value=(v1*v3)/1000000;
obj.X3.value=(v1*v3)/1000;
}
  }
//-->
</SCRIPT>
</head>
<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000">
<center>
<!--  This is the title header at the top of the page with logo and advert1   -->

<!-- **************  Rotating Advert ************* -->
<p>
<font face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=5 color="#0000c0"><b><marquee>Calculate Capacitor Values</marquee></b></font><br>
<p>
<table width="640">
<tr>
<td valign="top" colspan="2">
<font face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>
This calculator is used to find the value of a capacitor from the 3 digit code printed on its side.  Enter the code in the box below and then hit the button to calculate the value of  the capacitor.
<p>
If the rightmost digit is zero, then the code may be a value in pF instead of the 3-digit code...  example: 100 should indicate 10pF but it may instead be a marking of the actual value of 100pF. If the rightmost digit is not zero, then the value is probably coded. Example: 101 is not 101pF but more likely 100pF.
<p>
If the capacitor code is only 2 digits, then that is certainly the value in picofarads (pF).
<p>


<br>
</font>
</td></tr></table>

<form>
<table WIDTH=610 BORDER=2 CELLPADDING=10 CELLSPACING=0>
<tr>
<td ALIGN=center VALIGN=top><font  face=verdana,arial,helvetica  SIZE=-1>

<p><b>Capacitor Code</b><p>
<input TYPE=TEXT NAME=X2 COLS=10 SIZE=10 value="240">
<br>
</td>

<td ALIGN=center VALIGN=top><font  face=verdana,arial,helvetica  SIZE=-1>
<p><b>C in uF</b><p>
<input TYPE=TEXT NAME=X1 COLS=10 SIZE=10 value="0">
</td>

<td ALIGN=center VALIGN=top><font  face=verdana,arial,helvetica  SIZE=-1>
<p><b>C in nF</b><p>
<input TYPE=TEXT NAME=X3 COLS=10 SIZE=10 value="0">
</td>

<td ALIGN=center VALIGN=top><font  face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=-1>
<p><b>C in pF</b><p>
<input TYPE=TEXT NAME=Out SIZE=10><p>
<input TYPE=Button Value="Calculate" onClick="compute(this.form)">
</td></tr>
</table>
</form>
<p> &nbsp; </p>


<hr width=80%>


<p>
<font face=verdana,arial,helvetica size="1">
<p>&copy;2013 S.Manikandan<br>
All Rights Reserved
<p>This page last modified on Friday, 23-May-2013 16:52:27 Pm
<p>http://selvanmani.blogspot.in/
<P>E-Mail : selvanmanieee@gmail.com</p>
<p>
</font>
</center>
</font>
</body></html>
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ScreenShot



FM Module & USB Mp3 Player Function

The FM module with USB function of Vire Silicon.Co Ltd is an excellent miniature FM module with USB input and digital display for functions.
It is available as assembled board with remote.

The VIRE-FM 01C FM –USB Module is available as ready made assembled board. Its output can be connected to power amplifier or into the amplifier of VCD player, Car stereo etc. The module has the following important features:

Item .No.VIRE-01FV4.0

    FM Channels 87.5 – 108 MHz
    Song number display
    Song selection mode
    Auto channel scan and save provision
    Digital volume level display
    Forward and backward selection
    Volume Up /down buttons

The circuit board is available as kits with connecting wires. It is necessary to connect Remote Sensor, USB socket and Amplifier with speaker.

                                                                   



The circuit requires 5 Volt regulated power supply.

Connections

On the PCB, there are markings for wire connections and wire sets are provided along with the kit. The markings on the back of the PCB indicates:

                                                                



 IR Sensor TSOP 1738 connection
 IR Sensor TSOP 1838 connection
    Gnd   - Ground
    OUT - Output of Sensor
    VS    - ( +5V ) Supply

Connect the wires connected to these points to the sensor:
USB Connection
1. GND
2. DP
3. DM
4. 5V- 5 Volt will be available from the board itself

Output to Amplifier
L – Left channel
G – Ground
R – Right channel

Volume control

Use a 10 K Lin dual volume control between the output lines (L and R) of the module and the amplifier. Set minimum volume (2 to 4) in the module using remote and adjust 10 K pot to get clear sound from the speaker. Then increase the volume using remote to the required level. The module can give 1 to 50 range volume.

Antenna

Antenna is necessary if the signal strength is weak .Connect 30 cm plastic wire to the point ANT on the PCB
5 Volt regulated power supply is necessary for the circuit. Make a regulated power supply with IC 7805 with 1000 uF filter capacitor. If the power supply is not well regulated or with ripples, performance of the circuit will be poor.
Remote less operation

On the PCB, connections V+, M,V-, PP etc are given to connect membrane switches for manual operation.

 Key Specifications/Special Features
  •     Support MP3, USB and SD
  •   FM function: 87.5 to 108MHz frequency range
  •     With 1.888 display
  •     Accessory: remote
  •     Power supply: 5V/1A
  •     Separation: 45dB
  •     Distortion: 0.1%
  •     Output: 550MV
  •     S/N: 65dB
  •     Frequency response range: 90.5, 106.5 and 98.5Mhz
  •     Auto-search station: 22 to 28dB
  •     Packing:
  •      Inner box: 125 pieces/box
  •      Inner box dimensions: 28 x 21.5 x 7mm
  •      Inner box/weight: 1.05kg
  •      Carton: 20 boxes, 2,500 pieces/carton
  •      Carton dimensions: 58.5 x 44.5 x 36.5mm
  •      Carton/weight: 21kg.

Wire Connection diagram



 

AuToMaTiC NiGhT LiGhT CoNtRoL LdR


Diodes
Function
Diode characteristic Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early diodes were actually called valves.

Forward Voltage Drop
Electricity uses up a little energy pushing its way through the diode, rather like a person pushing through a door with a spring. This means that there is a small voltage across a conducting diode, it is called the forward voltage drop and is about 0.7V for all normal diodes which are made from silicon.

Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)

         An LDR is an input transducer (sensor) which converts brightness (light) to resistance. It is made from cadmium sulphide (CdS) and the resistance decreases as the brightness of light falling on the LDR increases.

A multimeter can be used to find the resistance in darkness and bright light, these are the typical results for a standard LDR:

    Darkness: maximum resistance, about 1Mohm.
    Very bright light: minimum resistance, about 100ohm.

Transistors

Function
1.Transistors amplify current, for example they can be used to amplify the small output current from a logic IC so that it can operate a lamp, relay or other high current device. In many circuits a resistor is used to convert the changing current to a changing voltage, so the transistor is being used to amplify voltage.
2.A transistor may be used as a switch

Types of transistor
  There are two types of standard transistors, NPN and PNP, with different circuit symbols. The letters refer to the layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor. Most transistors used today are NPN because this is the easiest type to make from silicon. If you are new to electronics it is best to start by learning how to use NPN transistors.

  The leads are labelled base (B), collector (C) and emitter (E).

Transistor codes
   There are three main series of transistor codes used in the UK:
   Codes beginning with B (or A)
   The first letter B is for silicon, A is for germanium

Transistor Pin

Relay

Relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and most have double throw (changeover) switch contacts as shown in the diagram.

Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first. For example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection inside the relay between the two circuits, the link is magnetic and mechanical.
The relay's switch connections are usually labelled COM, NC and NO:

COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch.
NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on

Choosing a relay
You need to consider several features when choosing a relay:

    1.Physical size and pin arrangement
    If you are choosing a relay for an existing PCB you will need to ensure that its dimensions and pin arrangement are suitable. You should find this information in the supplier's catalogue.
    2.Coil voltage
    The relay's coil voltage rating and resistance must suit the circuit powering the relay coil. Many relays have a coil rated for a 12V supply but 5V and 24V relays are also readily available. Some relays operate perfectly well with a supply voltage which is a little lower than their rated value.
    3.Coil resistance
    The circuit must be able to supply the current required by the relay coil. You can use Ohm's law to calculate the current:
    Relay coil current   =        supply voltage / coil resistance
     4. Switch ratings (voltage and current)
The relay's switch contacts must be suitable for the circuit they are to control. You will need to check the voltage and current ratings. Note that the voltage rating is usually higher for AC, for example: "5A at 24V DC or 125V AC".
    5.Switch contact arrangement (SPDT, DPDT etc)
Most relays are SPDT or DPDT which are often described as "single pole changeover" (SPCO) or "double pole changeover" (DPCO).

Protection diodes for relays

Transistors and ICs must be protected from the brief high voltage produced when a relay coil is switched off. The diagram shows how a signal diode (eg 1N4148) is connected 'backwards' across the relay coil to provide this protection.
Relay Pin




Resistors

Function
     Resistors restrict the flow of electric current, for example a resistor is placed in series with a light-emitting diode (LED) to limit the current passing through the LED.

Connecting and soldering
     Resistors may be connected either way round.
     
    
Colour Code
  Colour    Number
  Black          0
  Brown        1
  Red            2
  Orange       3
  Yellow        4
  Green         5
  Blue           6
  Violet         7
  Grey          8
  White        9
Transformer
The input coil is called the primary and the output coil is called the secondary. There is no electrical connection between the two coils, instead they are linked by an alternating magnetic field created in the soft-iron core of the transformer. The two lines in the middle of the circuit symbol represent the core.

Transformers waste very little power so the power out is (almost) equal to the power in. Note that as voltage is stepped down current is stepped up.

The ratio of the number of turns on each coil, called the turns ratio, determines the ratio of the voltages. A step-down transformer has a large number of turns on its primary (input) coil which is connected to the high voltage mains supply, and a small number of turns on its secondary (output) coil to give a low output voltage.

  turns ratio =     Vp/Vs      =     Np /Ns       and       
  power out = power in Vs × Is = Vp × Ip
Vp = primary (input) voltage
Np = number of turns on primary coil
Ip  = primary (input) current             Vs = secondary (output) voltage
Ns = number of turns on secondary coil
Is  = secondary (output) current